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إشترك لتصلك دروس يومية على يوتوب
In / At / on
(position / place) [Meena] استخدام
حروف الجر مع المكان
In : In a (in the) : room غرفة, buildingمبنى , shop محل
, garden حديقة, park مركن, town مدينة- قرية
, country دولة , water ماء , sea بحر , river نهر , row صف, line طابور- خط, armchair كرسي بذراع,
mirror مرآة , photograph صورة
فوتوغرافية, picture صورة, street شارع, sky سماء, book كتاب. (H.K.)
Ex: there is no one in the room. / I
prefer to sit in the front row.
In : bed سرير, prison سجن , the hospital مستشفى.
At : at a (at the) : bus
stop(s) محطة اتوبيس, traffic
light اشارة مرور, door باب, window شباك, top of
the page أعلى الصفحة, bottom
of the page أسفل الصفحة , end of the street نهاية الشارع
,
beginning of the street بداية الشارع
, back
(front) of a group of people (of a building) مقدمة أو مؤخرة مجموعة من الناس
أو مبنى // party حفلة,
concert حفلة موسيقية,
conference مؤتمر, meeting مقابلة, football match ماتش كورة
[Meena]
Ex: Were there many people at the meeting?
at
: home (the house) منزل, work شغل, school مدرسة,
university جامعة, a station محطة, an airport مطار. Ex.: He is at home هو في البيت
On : on a (on the) : ceiling سقف, wall حائط, floorأرضية , notice board لوحة
الاعلانات, grass نجيلة, top shelf الرف العلوي,
table ترابيزة, chair كرسي, left يسار, right يمين , left (right) hand side الجانب الأيسر (الأيمن) / on her nose على أنفها/ on a page على صفحة
//
--- A place is : on the coast على الساحل (on a river على نهر
, on a road على الشارع) , or أو , on the way to another place على الطريق
لمكان آخر //
His house is on the river. بيته يقع على
النهر
--- Corner
:
1) In the corner of a room في ركن من
غرفة
2) At
/ on the corner of a street على ناصية شارع .
--- front / back : 1) In the front / back of a car
(or taxi)
2) At the front / back of a group of
people (building مبنى / cinema
سينما)
3) On the front / back of a letter
(piece of paper) على وش/ظهر جواب (ورقة)
---
Arrive : 1) In a country or town.
2) At other places (school , work , the
hotel , the party)
3) Arrive home. يوصل للمنزل (H.K.)
--- The
end (the beginning) : 1) At
the end of (at the beginning of) a place or sth. . Ex: At the end of the street / At the
beginning of a book.
2) In the end (in the
beginning) so. did sth. , or , sth. was done ,
Ex: In the end we decided to do it في الآخر
قررنا نعمله/
In the beginning I thought I would be able to do it ,
but I couldn't.
في
الأول افتكرت اني ساتمكن من عمله ، لكني
لم أتمكن [Meena]
--- To (places) : Go
to Egypt , travel to America , go to the bank , return to Europe , fly to
Moscow , walk to work , drive to the airport , sent to prison , taken to the
hospital , go to bed , go to a meeting.
--- Home : go home , at home , come
home , get home , arrive home .
--- Go : on foot على قدميك / by: car عربة,
taxi تاكسي, train قطار , plane طائرة, boat مركب, ship باخرة, bus أوتوبيس, bicycle دراجة,
underground مترو الأنفاق .
--- Get :
get in (get out of)
a car , taxi . [Meena]
Get on
(get off) a train , plane , boat , ship , bus , bicycle , underground.
|
H.W. Put 4 of the previous words
in sentences. Ex.: He got in her car.
1) ________________________
2) _________________________
3) ________________________
4) ________________________
|
Verbs [Meena] الأفعال
بالطبع الأفعال هي
أي شئ فيه حركة أو عمل يتم مثل
walk , run
, speak , eat , write , drink .
أو باسلوب آخر نقول
ان أي كلمة معناها "عمل أو فعل شئ
معين" تكون verb في حين ان الاسم كان مجرد
اسم لأي شخص أو دولة أو أي شئ محسوس أو مادي .. .. .
والأفعال نوعان: 1) transitive متعدي : وهو الذي له مفعول به ، مثل: He drank
water.
2) intransitive لازم : وهو الذي ليس له مفعول به ، مثل: The water drops.
--- ويوجد أفعال مساعدة Auxiliary
verbs
، وهي التي تساعدنا في : 1) عمل
أسئلة. 2) الاجابة على أسئلة خاصة في
النفي. 3) وفي تكوين أزمنة (tenses). 4) وفي تصريف الأفعال ، وهي :
Be,
have, do, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must
وهي تستخدم : 1) بمعناها كفعل مستقل. 2) وكفعل مساعد ليس له معنى خاص.
Let us
take verb "Work" , with the pronouns, in the present, past and future
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Pronouns
|
Present
|
Past
[Meena]
|
Future
|
|
I
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Shall work
|
|
You
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
|
He
|
Works
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
|
She
|
Works
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
|
It
|
Works
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
|
We
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Shall work
|
|
You
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
|
They
|
Work
|
Worked
|
Will work
|
H.W. fill the
following table in a similar way to this table with verb "eat"
املأ الجدول التالي
بتفس اسلوب الجدول السابق مستخدما الفعل "يأكل" (H.K.)
|
Pronouns
|
Present
|
Past
|
Future
|
|
I (H.K.)
|
|
Ate
|
|
|
You
|
Eat
|
|
|
|
He, She, It
|
|
|
|
|
We
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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ومايلي
هو كثير من الكلمات المتنوعة مع حروف جر متنوعة (اصطلاحات ثابتة) ، مع معانيها،
وادخالها في جمل :
|
الاصطلاح
|
المعنى بالعربي
|
مثال في جملة (H.K.)
|
|
Back
up
|
يسند، يأيد
|
I
backed up him (him up) in what he said
|
|
Blow
up
|
يفجر
|
They
want to blow up the car
|
|
Break
down
|
يبوظ، يعطل
|
The
car broke down yesterday
|
|
Break
in
|
يقتحم، يدخل بقوة
|
A
gang broke in the bank this morning
|
|
Break
out
|
يهرب بقوة
|
A
prisoner tried to break out of jail
|
|
Break
up
|
يكسر أو يوقف بشدة
|
They
broke up all what he had
|
|
Bring
up
|
يربي
|
She
brought up her children well
|
|
Close
down
|
يقفل خالص، يتوقف
|
His
factory closed down
|
|
Come
in
|
يدخل
|
May
I come in? [Meena]
|
|
Come
down
|
ينزل
|
After
he had come down of the mountain, he went home
|
|
Come
up
|
يصعد، يطلع
ب(فكرة)
|
He
came up with a good idea
|
|
Count
on
|
يعتمد على
|
I
count on your promise
|
|
Cry
out
|
يصرخ، يصيح بصوت
عالي
|
He
cried out saying "help us"
|
|
Cross
off
|
يشطب، يمحو
|
They
crossed off his name
|
|
Cut down
|
يقلل
|
She
tried to cut down swimming
|
|
Cut
off
|
يقطع ويفصل
|
He
cut off the book into pieces
|
|
Drive
off
|
يسوق لبعيد
|
Drive
off this place quickly
|
|
Figure
out
|
يفهم، يتخيل
|
Try
to figure out what she means
|
|
Fill
in
|
يملأ
|
Fill
in this form please (H.K.)
|
|
Find
out
|
يكتشف، يعرف
|
I
can't find out what the cause is
|
|
Get
in
|
أدخل
|
Get
in the house and bring it to me
|
|
Get
out
|
أخرج
|
Get
out of my house
|
|
Get
back
|
ارجع
|
Get
back home and do your homework
|
|
Get
through
|
يجتاز، يمر خلال
|
Can
you get through this narrow door?
|
|
Go
by
|
يمر ب
|
When
you go by him, see what he does
|
|
Get
up
|
ينهض، يقوم
|
Sometimes
I get up before
|
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Give
away
|
يعطي، يتخلص من
|
It
is good to give away your old clothes to the poor
|
|
Give
up
|
يستسلم، يتوقف
|
You
must have hope , don't give up
|
|
Grow
up
|
ينمو
|
I
grew up in the country
|
|
Hang
up
|
يقفل السكة
|
He
hung up on me
|
|
Hold
on
|
ينتظر
|
Hold
on I'll call him
|
|
Lay
before
|
يعرض أمام
|
Lay
it before him
|
|
Lay
up
|
يدخر
|
lay
up treasures in heaven
|
|
Let
down
|
يخجل
|
He
let her down in front of her friends
|
|
Look
at
|
ينظر إلي
|
Look
at me
|
|
Look
to
|
يهتم ب
|
He
looked to the reward
|
|
Look
into
|
يفحص
|
He
looked into family matters
|
|
Look
out
|
يحترس، يراقب
|
Look
out , it's dangerous
|
|
Look
for
|
يبحث عن
|
look
for my pen , I can't find it
|
|
Look
up
|
يفتش على، يجد
|
Loop
up this word in the dictionary
|
|
Look
off
|
يودع
|
I
want to look him off before he leaves
|
|
Look
about
|
ينظر حوله
|
Look
about try to find something
|
|
Look
after
|
يهتم ب
|
She
looked after her father when he was sick
|
|
Pass
away
|
يموت
|
They
passed away in a bad accident
|
|
Put
off (put out)
|
يطفئ
|
Put
off the fire [Meena]
|
|
Send
for
|
يرسل في طلب
|
We
send for a doctor right after he had fainted
|
|
Speak
up
|
يتكلم بصوت عالي
|
Speak
up that we may hear
|
|
Take
upon oneself
|
يأخذ على عاتقه
|
He
takes upon himself to save her
|
|
Wait
at
|
يخدم
|
She
waits at that table (H.K.)
|
|
Wait
for
|
ينتظر
|
I've
been waiting for you for 2 hours
|
|
Wait
on
|
يخدم
|
He
waits on the Lord
|
ثم أفعال وكلمات مع أكثر من حرف جر
(أو أكثر من أداة) Phrasal verbs with two
Particles
|
الاصطلاح
|
المعنى بالعربي
|
مثال في جملة [Meena]
|
|
Come
up with
|
يطلع ب(فكرة)
|
He
came up with a good idea
|
|
Keep
up with
|
يلاحق، يجاري
|
She
couldn't keep up with him when he was running fast
|
|
Look
down upon (on)
|
يحتقر، يتعالى علي
|
He
looks down on some poor people
|
|
Cut
down on
|
يقلل
|
She
cut down on smoking
|
|
H.W. Write the Arabic
meanings of any 6 of the previous sentences :
1)
__________________________ 2) ___________________________
3)
__________________________ 4) ___________________________
5)
__________________________ 6) ___________________________
|
___
متنوعات
هامة
1) يمكن استخدام shall بدل will والعكس في
حالات معينة هي :
--- We put shall instead of will when : (H.K.)
Promise وعد
: You shall have the money very soon.ستأخذ النقود قريبا جدا
Threat تهديد:
If you do that again you shall be punishedاذا فعلت هذا ثانيا ستعاقب
Order (command) أمر، وصية : You shall not steal لا تسرق
Determination تحديد : The enemy shall not
pass. العدو لا يجب ان يمر
--- We put will instead of shall when :
Promise : We
will send them a present. سنرسل لهم
هدية
Willingness تمني، مشيئة : I will pay at the rate you ask.سأدفع
بالمعدل الذي تريده
--- Shall I?
(Shall we?) , has often the meaning of "Would you like
me to ..?" ex: Shall I open the window?
--- Will
you? , has often the meaning of "Would you like
to .. ?"
ex :
Will you help me to carry this bag?
2)
استخدامات do (does ,
did)
هي :
ا) لعمل اسئلة questions : do you like
it ?
ب) للنفي
negative [Meena] : no, I do not like it
ج) للتأكيد
for emphasis :
yes, I do
like it
د) لتجنب التكرار to avoid repetition : he likes it and so do I
ه) كنوع من الأدب والذوق for politeness : please do come
ولشرح النقطة (ج)
أكثر نأتي بثلاث أسئلة فيهم do , does , did
والاجابة العادية عنهم ثم الاجابة التي فيها تأكيد : (H.K.)
|
السؤال [Meena]
|
الاجابة العادية
|
الاجابة التي
فيها تأكيد
|
|
Do you like it?
|
Yes, I like it
|
Yes, I do like it (Yes, I do. )
|
|
Does he like it?
|
Yes, he likes it (H.K.)
|
Yes, he does like it
|
|
Did they like it?
|
Yes, they liked it
|
Yes, they did like it
|
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